Online trading can be an easy, cost-effective way to manage investments.  However, online investors are often targets of scams, so take precautions to ensure that you do not become a victim.

What is online trading?

Online  trading allows you to conduct investment transactions over the internet. The accessibility of the internet makes it possible for you to research and invest in opportunities from any location at any time. It also reduces the amount of resources (time, effort, and money) you have to devote to managing these accounts and transactions.

What are the risks?

Recognizing the importance of safeguarding your money, legitimate brokerages take steps to ensure that their transactions are secure. However, online brokerages and the investors who use them are appealing targets for attackers. The amount of financial information in a brokerage’s database makes it valuable; this information can be traded or sold for personal profit. Also, because money is regularly transferred through these accounts, malicious activity may not be noticed immediately. To gain access to these databases, attackers may use Trojan horses or other types of malicious
code.

Attackers may also attempt to collect financial information by targeting the current or potential investors directly. These attempts may take the form of social engineering or phishing attacks. With methods that include setting up fraudulent investment opportunities or redirecting users to malicious sites that appear to be legitimate, attackers try to convince you to provide them with financial information that they can then use or sell. If you have been victimized, both your money and your identity may be at risk.

How can you protect yourself?

1. Research your investment opportunities – Take advantage of resources such as the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s EDGAR database and your state’s securities commission (found through the North American Securities Administrators Association) to investigate companies.
2. Be wary of online information – Anyone can publish information on the  internet, so try to verify any online research through other methods before investing any money. Also be cautious of “hot” investment opportunities advertised online or in email.
3. Check privacy policies – Before providing personal or financial information,  check  the  web site’s privacy policy. Make sure you understand how your information will be stored and used.
4. Make sure that your transactions are encrypted – When information is sent  over  the  internet,  attackers may be able to intercept it. Encryption  prevents  the  attackers  from  being able to view the information.
5. Verify that the web site is legitimate – Attackers may redirect you to a malicious web site that looks identical to a legitimate one. They then convince you to submit your personal and financial information, which they use for their own gain. Check the web site’s certificate to make sure it is legitimate.
6. Monitor your investments – Regularly check your accounts for any unusual activity. Report unauthorized transactions immediately.
7. Use and maintain anti-virus software – Anti-virus software (such as F-Secure) recognizes and protects your computer against most known viruses. However, because attackers are continually writing new viruses, it is important to keep your virus definitions current.
8. Use anti-spyware tools – Spyware is a common source of viruses, and attackers may use it to access information on your computer. You can minimize the number of infections by using a legitimate program that identifies and removes spyware.
9. Keep software up to date – Install software patches so that attackers can’t  take  advantage  of  known problems or vulnerabilities. Enable automatic updates if the option is available.
10. Evaluate your security settings – By adjusting the security settings in your browser, you may limit your risk of certain attacks

The following sites offer additional information and guidance:

• U.S.  Securities and Exchange Commission – http://www.sec.gov/investor/pubs/cyberfraud.htm

• National Consumers League – http://www.fraud.org/tips/internet/investment.htm

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Author: Mindi McDowell
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Produced 2006 by US-CERT, a government organization.

Note: This tip was previously published and is being re-distributed to increase awareness.

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This document can also be found at:  http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/tips/ST06-004.html